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Guide · 6 min read

The Combined Values Chart, Explained

Why California PD ratings are combined instead of added: the CVC formula (a + b − ab⁄100), combining largest-first, the same-limb cap, a reference table of common combinations, and why one point at a threshold like 70% changes the award for life.

Add up the impairments on a multi-part case and you’ll overshoot the real rating every time. California combines them instead, using the PDRS’s Combined Values Chart (CVC) — the last step before a rating becomes weeks and dollars. Here’s the logic, the formula, and the places it changes outcomes.

The idea: percentages of what’s left

A PD rating is a percentage of the whole person. If a spine injury takes 20%, the next impairment can only impair the 80% that remains. So a second 20% impairment takes 20% of the remainder — 16 points — and the total lands at 36, not 40. Stack as many impairments as you like; the total approaches but never reaches 100%.

Combined(a, b) = a + b − (a × b) ÷ 100, rounded  →  20 C 20 = 36

Reference combinations

A few anchors worth knowing cold (every value below is computed by the same engine that runs the calculator):

ABCombinedAdded would be
10101920
20203640
25153640
30204450
40406480
50407090
505075100
703079100

Three or more impairments

With several body parts, the finals are folded pairwise, largest first — combine the two biggest, combine the result with the next, and so on, rounding at every step. The sample case’s 18% shoulder, 11% spine, and 7% neck fold as 18 C 11 = 27, then 27 C 7 = 32% PD. Because of the per-step rounding, a different order can occasionally land a point off — largest-first is the canonical PDRS order.

The same-limb wrinkle

Two impairments to the same arm don’t go straight to the whole-person chart. They’re first combined on the extremity’s own scale, capped at the value of amputating that limb, and then converted to whole-person terms — a limb can never rate worse than its loss. Multi-region cases therefore combine at two levels: within the extremity, then across the body.

Why one point at the top matters so much

The CVC decides which side of a statutory threshold a case lands on, and the thresholds are cliffs, not slopes:

The 70% cliff · DOI 2024 · max earner
69% PD = 423.25 weeks × $290 = $122,742.50, and payments end.
70% PD = 433.25 weeks × $290 = $125,642.50plus a life pension: a weekly check that continues for the rest of the worker’s life (Lab. Code §4659).
50 C 40 combines to exactly 70. Whether a disputed body part survives is the whole ballgame.

The same cliff logic applies at 100% (permanent total disability, lifetime indemnity at the TD rate). When a case sits near a threshold, test the disputed impairment both ways in the calculator — the scenario compare shows what each contested point is actually worth.

FAQ

Why are PD ratings combined instead of added?
Each rating is a percentage of the whole person, so a second impairment can only diminish what remains after the first. Combining — a + b − (a×b)/100 — keeps any number of impairments from ever exceeding 100% of the person.
What is the Combined Values Chart formula?
Combined(a, b) = a + b − (a × b)/100, rounded to the nearest whole percent. 20 combined with 20 is 36 (20 + 20 − 4), not 40. The published chart in the PDRS is this formula precomputed for every pair.
Does the order of combining matter?
The PDRS instructs combining largest value first. The raw formula is symmetric, but because the result is rounded at each step, folding three or more values in a different order can occasionally land one point off — largest-first is the canonical order.
Do impairments in the same arm or leg combine differently?
Yes. Impairments within one extremity are first combined on that extremity’s own scale and capped at the value of amputation of that limb, then converted to whole-person terms. A limb can never be rated worse than losing it.
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